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Spero's Headshot

Spero Nicholas

Senior Programmer-Analyst
Degrees: MS Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh
BS Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University
As a member of the Smith-Kettlewell Brain Imaging Center, I support various labs in programming multi-modal dynamic stimuli for fMRI, EEG, oculomotor, and psychophysical experiments, as well as custom analyses for all of these types of data.
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Journal Articles
Chen, S. I., Chandna, A., Nicholas, S. C., & Norcia, A. M.. (2019). Differential Experience-Dependent Plasticity of Form and Motion Mechanisms in Anisometropic Amblyopia. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 60, 4109. http://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.19-27005 (Original work published 2019)
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Likova, L. T., Mei, M., Mineff, K. N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2019). Learning face perception without vision: Rebound learning effect and hemispheric differences in congenital vs late-onset blindness. Imaging Science And Technology: Human Vision And Electronic Imaging. http://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2019.12.HVEI-237 Human Vision and Electronic Imaging 2019
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Likova, L. T., Tyler, C. W., Cacciamani, L., Mineff, K. N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (Feb 14 2016). The Cortical Network for Braille Writing in the Blind. Electronic Imaging, 2016, 1–6. http://doi.org/10.2352/ISSN.2470-1173.2016.16.HVEI-095 PMID: 28890944 PMCID: PMC5589194 (Original work published Feb 14 2016)
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Likova, L. T., Tyler, C. W., Mineff, K. N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2016). Fundamental anti-symmetries in the brain organization of conceptual knowledge representation help resolve long-standing controversies. Journal Of Vision., (16(12). (Original work published 2016)
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Tyler, C. W., Likova, L. T., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2015). Analysis of Neural-BOLD Coupling Through Four Models of the Neural Metabolic Demand. Frontiers In Neuroscience, 9. http://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00419
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Tyler, C. W., Likova, L. T., Mineff, K. N., Elsaid, A. M., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2015). Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury for Human Vergence Dynamics. Frontiers In Neurology, 5. http://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00282
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Tyler, C. W., Likova, L. T., Mineff, K. N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2015). Deficits in the activation of human oculomotor nuclei in chronic traumatic brain injury. Frontiers In Neurology, 6(173), 9. http://doi.org/doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00173
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Likova, L. T., Tyler, C. W., Cacciamani, L., Mineff, K. N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2015). Effect of familiarity on Braille writing and reading in the blind: From graphemes to comprehension. Journal Of Vision, 15, 920–920. http://doi.org/10.1167/15.12.920
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Tyler, C. W., Elsaid, A. M., Likova, L. T., Gill, N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2012). Analysis of human vergence dynamics. Journal Of Vision, 12(11)(21), 1-19. http://doi.org/10.1167/12.11.21
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Navid, A., Nicholas, S. C., & Hamer, R. D.. (2006). A proposed role for all-trans retinal in regulation of rhodopsin regeneration in human rods. Vision Research, 46, 4449-4463. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2006.07.035
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Hamer, R. D., Nicholas, S. C., Tranchina, D., Lamb, T. D., & Jarvinen, J. L. P.. (7AD). Toward a unified model of vertebrate rod phototransduction. Visual Neuroscience, 22, 417-436. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523805224045 (Original work published 7AD)
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Hamer, R. D., Nicholas, S. C., Tranchina, D., Liebman, P. A., & Lamb, T. D.. (2003). Multiple Steps of Phosphorylation of Activated Rhodopsin Can Account for the Reproducibility of Vertebrate Rod Single-photon Responses. The Journal Of General Physiology" Volume = "122, 419-444. http://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200308832
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Nicholas, S. C., Doxey-Gasway, D. D., & Paloski, W. H.. (1998). A Link-Segment Model of Upright Human Posture for Analysis of Head-Trunk Coordination. Journal Of Vestibular Research, 8, 187-200. http://doi.org/10.3233/VES-1998-8301
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Presentations/Posters
Wong-Kee-You, A. M. B., Nicholas, S. C., Lotze, A., Simon, H. J., & Hou, C.. (2019). Audio-Visual Interactions in The Visual and Auditory Cortices. Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience Conference.
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Likova, L. T., Mei, M., Mineff, K. N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2019). Is the face schema innate? Evidence from learning faces in the congenital blind. Retrieved from SfN
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Likova, L. T., Mei, M., Mineff, K. N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2019). Learning face perception without vision: Rebound learning effect and hemispheric differences in blind and sighted. Retrieved from ECVP, Leuven
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Likova, L. T., Nicholas, S. C., & Tyler, C. W.. (2019). Top-down control of spatial memory visualization in early visual cortex. Retrieved from VSS, Fl
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Likova, L. T., Cacciamani, L., Nicholas, S. C., & Mineff, K. N.. (2017). Top-down working memory reorganization of the primary visual cortex: Granger Causality analysis. http://doi.org/10.1167/17.10.594
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Likova, L. T., Mineff, K. N., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2016). Brain reorganization and performance correlates of a rapid switch in handedness induced by drawing training in a left-handed blind individual. Retrieved from SfN, San Diego, Ca, USA
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Tyler, C. W., Nicholas, S. C., & Likova, L. T.. (2016). Color components under joint recording from the human retina and cortex with a high-density electrode net.
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Likova, L. T., Tyler, C. W., Mineff, K. N., Cacciamani, L., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2016). Dissociable brain networks revealed to single-repetition learning in Braille reading and Braille writing-fromm. Retrieved from ECVP 2016 Perception 45, 164-165
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Likova, L. T., Tyler, C. W., Mineff, K. N., Cacciamani, L., & Nicholas, S. C.. (2016). High-order multisensory mechanisms: Insights from Braille writing and reading. Retrieved from IS&T Int Symp Electron Imaging
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Other Publications
Likova, L. T., Cacciamani, L., Nicholas, S. C., & Mineff, K. N.. (2017). Top-down working memory reorganization of the primary visual cortex: Granger Causality analysis. Retrieved from Jurnal of Vision
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Smith-Kettlewell Brain Imaging Center

The Smith-Kettlewell Brain Imaging Center supports a wide variety of human brain imaging modalities, including MRI, MRI morphometry, functional MRI, fMR Iretonogrphy, fMRI dynamics, functional connectivity, Granger-causal connectivity, DTI, DTI tractography, whole-head EEG, EEG functional...

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Chandna Lab (SEELAB)

We use rigorous scientific research with the goal to improve detection and treatment outcomes for individuals with strabismus, amblyopia, and cerebral visual impairment.

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Hou Lab

 Our research interests include investigating human visual cortex development and brain plasticity associated with amblyopia (lazy eye) and strabismus (misaligned eyes).

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Likova Lab

The main areas of my research are learning and brain plasticity of multimodal sensorimotor processing in the blind and the sighted.

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Tyler Lab

Our work centers on human visual neuroscience and computational vision, especially in the areas of stereoscopic depth, form, symmetry, and motion perception in adults, and the development of tests for the diagnosis of eye diseases in infants and adults. The current focus of the lab is on...

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Harnessing the Power of Drawing for the Enhancement of Learning across Levels of Vision Function

Recent scientific findings about art and drawing suggest that drawing can facilitate learning in a wide variety of domains. The proposed collaboration will develop an interdisciplinary research program aimed at harnessing the power of drawing to enhance learning across fields of intellectual endeavor.

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Advanced Spatiomotor Rehabilitation for Navigation in Blindness & Visual Impairment

Successful navigation requires the development of an accurate and flexible mental, or cognitive, map of the navigational space and of the route trajectory required to travel from the current to the target location. The Cognitive-Kinesthetic (C-K) Rehabilitation Training that we have developed in the preceding period utilizes a unique form of blind memory-guided drawing to develop cognitive mapping to a high level of proficiency.

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Contact Information
2318 Fillmore St.
San Francisco, CA 94115
Email: spero@ski.org
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