William Crandall

M.S.
Ph.D.

Bill Crandall designs access technology and performs human factors research into utilization of technology by people with disabilities at Smith-Kettlewell’s Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center (RERC). He has led research, development and technology transfer of Smith-Kettlewell’s remote infrared audible sign system (Talking Signs ®) for people who have print-reading disabilities such as blindness, low vision or mental retardation. The laboratory is also active in adapting and/or designing accessible features into devices and systems used by the public.

Contact Information:

Email: bc@ski.org

Office Phone: (415) 345-2111


The Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute
2318 Fillmore Street

San Francisco, CA 94115

Publications

Crandall, W. ., Brabyn, J. ., Bentzen, B. ., & Myers, L. . (1999). Remote infrared signage evaluation for transit stations and intersections. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 36(4), 341-55. (Original work published 1999)

Deno, C. ., Crandall, W. ., Sherman, K. ., & Keller, E. L. (1995). Characterization of prediction in the primate visual smooth pursuit system. Biosystems, 34, 107–128.

Crandall, W. ., Gerrey, W. ., & Brabyn, J. . (1994). Remote reading for visually impaired people: A new application for telecommunications. Technology and Disability, 3(3), 203-212. 10.3233/TAD-1994-3307 (Original work published 1994)

Gerrey, W. ., Brabyn, J. ., & Crandall, W. . (1990). The use of fax technology to address the reading needs of blind and visually impaired persons. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 84, 509-513. (Original work published 1990)

Deno, C. ., Keller, E. L., & Crandall, W. . (1989). Dynamical neural network organization of the visual pursuit system. Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 36, 85–92.

Crandall, W. ., & Keller, E. L. (1985). Visual and oculomotor signals in nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in alert monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 54, 1326–1345.

Keller, E. L., Slakey, D. ., & Crandall, W. . (1983). Microstimulation of the primate cerebellar vermis during saccadic eye movements. Brain Research, 288, 131–143.

Keller, E. L., & Crandall, W. . (1983). Neuronal responses to optokinetic stimuli in pontine nuclei of behaving monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology.

Zealear, D. L., & Crandall, W. . (1982). Stimulating and recording from axons within their myelin sheaths: a stable and nondamaging method for studying single motor units. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 5, 47–54.

Crandall, W. ., Goldberg, S. ., Wilson, J. ., & McClung, J. . (1981). Muscle units divided among retractor bulbi muscle slips and between the lateral rectus and retractor bulbi muscles in cat. Experimental Neurology, 71, 251–260.

Projects

  • Talking Signs
    Completed
    Talking Signs
    Created by William Loughborough in 1979, Talking Lights was a system of infrared transmitters and receivers allowing blind and visually impaired travelers to quickly and easily "read signs" at a...
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