Scientific

Hybrid Colloquium: Making Calculus Accessible

Hybrid Colloquium: Making Calculus Accessible

Abstract: When Isaac Newton developed calculus in the 1600s, he was trying to tie together math and physics in an intuitive, geometrical way. But over time math and physics teaching became heavily weighted toward algebra, and less toward geometrical problem-solving. However, many practicing mathematicians and physicists will get their intuition geometrically first and do the algebra later. Joan Horvath and Rich Cameron’s new book, Make: Calculus, imagines how Newton might have used 3D printed models, LEGO bricks, programming, craft materials, and a dash of electronics to teach calculus concepts intuitively with hands-on models. The book uses as little reliance on algebra as possible while still retaining enough to allow comparison with a traditional curriculum. The 3D printable models are written in OpenSCAD, the text-based, open-source CAD program. The models are in an open source repository and are designed to be edited, explored, and customized by teachers and learners. Joan and Rich will also address how they think about the tactile storytelling of their models. They hope their work will make calculus more accessible, in the broadest sense of the word, to enable more people to start on the road to STEM careers. Make: Calculus is available in a softcover print version, in a PDF/epub3 bundle in which the epub3 with MathML equations has been optimized for screenreaders (Thorium epub3 reader recommended), and in Kindle format. Joan and Rich will talk about some of the technology gaps they encountered trying to keep a book with calculus equations accessible. Joan Horvath and Rich Cameron are the co-founders of Pasadena-based Nonscriptum LLC, which provides 3D printing and maker tech consulting and training. Their eight previous books include Make: Geometry, which developed a similar repository of models for middle and high-school math in collaboration with the SKI “3Ps” project. They have also authored popular LinkedIn Learning courses on additive manufacturing, and run several related (currently virtual) Meetup groups. Improving Zoom accessibility for people with hearing impairments People with hearing impairments often use lipreading and speechreading to improve speech comprehension. This approach is helpful but only works if the speaker’s face and mouth are clearly visible. For the benefit of people with hearing impairments on Zoom calls, please enable your device’s camera whenever you are speaking on Zoom, and face the camera while you speak. (Feel free to disable your camera when you aren’t speaking.) Abstract:When Isaac Newton developed calculus in the 1600s, he was trying to tie together math and physics in an intuitive, geometrical way. But over time math and physics teaching became heavily weighted toward algebra, and less toward geometrical problem-solving. However, many practicing mathematicians and physicists will get their intuition geometrically first and do the algebra later.Joan Horvath and Rich Cameron’s new book, Make: Calculus, imagines how Newton might have used 3D printed models, LEGO bricks, programming, craft materials, and a dash of electronics to teach calculus concepts intuitively with hands-on models. The book uses as little reliance on algebra as possible while still retaining enough to allow comparison with a traditional curriculum.The 3D printable models are written in OpenSCAD, the text-based, open-source CAD program. The models are in an open source repository and are designed to be edited, explored, and customized by teachers and learners. Joan and Rich will also address how they think about the tactile storytelling of their models. They hope their work will make calculus more accessible, in the broadest sense of the word, to enable more people to start on the road to STEM careers.Make: Calculus is available in a softcover print version, in a PDF/epub3 bundle in which the epub3 with MathML equations has been optimized for screenreaders (Thorium epub3 reader recommended), and in Kindle format. Joan and Rich will talk about some of the technology gaps they encountered trying to keep a book with calculus equations accessible.Joan Horvath and Rich Cameron are the co-founders of Pasadena-based Nonscriptum LLC, which provides 3D printing and maker tech consulting and training. Their eight previous books include Make: Geometry, which developed a similar repository of models for middle and high-school math in collaboration with the SKI “3Ps” project. They have also authored popular LinkedIn Learning courses on additive manufacturing, and run several related (currently virtual) Meetup groups.Improving Zoom accessibility for people with hearing impairments People with hearing impairments often use lipreading and speechreading to improve speech comprehension. This approach is helpful but only works if the speaker’s face and mouth are clearly visible. For the benefit of people with hearing impairments on Zoom calls, please enable your device’s camera whenever you are speaking on Zoom, and face the camera while you speak. (Feel free to disable your camera when you aren’t speaking.)

Special Time: 11:00 AM, Zoom Colloquium: OKO - app that uses computer vision to assist blind and visually impaired people

Special Time: 11:00 AM, Zoom Colloquium: OKO – app that uses computer vision to assist blind and visually impaired people

Abstract – “AYES is a Belgian-based company that is co-founded by three computer scientists. Our journey started when our visually impaired family friend, Bram, told us about the challenges he faced while navigating outdoors. Quite quickly we realized that current assistive technologies are outdated and could benefit from artificial intelligence. For that reason, we started developing a mobile application, called OKO, that uses the smartphone camera and computer vision to assist people in their daily lives. Crossing the street is a very stressful task if there is no accessible pedestrian signal installed. For that reason, we’ve developed a feature capable of detecting the pedestrian traffic light. So far, we have identified 70.000+ safe crossings. Our goal now is to bring this technology to the USA since a lot of cities are experiencing difficulties with installing accessible pedestrian signals. In recent months we’ve also added public transport recognition which identifies the bus number and destination to get people on the right bus. In the future, we’ll add more computer vision-related features to deliver an even better navigation experience.” https://www.f6s.com/michieljanssen Improving Zoom accessibility for people with hearing impairments People with hearing impairments often use lipreading and speechreading to improve speech comprehension. This approach is helpful but only works if the speaker’s face and mouth are clearly visible. For the benefit of people with hearing impairments on Zoom calls, please enable your device’s camera whenever you are speaking on Zoom, and face the camera while you speak. (Feel free to disable your camera when you aren’t speaking.) Abstract:”AYES is a Belgian-based company that is co-founded by three computer scientists. Our journey started when our visually impaired family friend, Bram, told us about the challenges he faced while navigating outdoors. Quite quickly we realized that current assistive technologies are outdated and could benefit from artificial intelligence. For that reason, we started developing a mobile application, called OKO, that uses the smartphone camera and computer vision to assist people in their daily lives. Crossing the street is a very stressful task if there is no accessible pedestrian signal installed. For that reason, we’ve developed a feature capable of detecting the pedestrian traffic light. So far, we have identified 70.000+ safe crossings. Our goal now is to bring this technology to the USA since a lot of cities are experiencing difficulties with installing accessible pedestrian signals. In recent months we’ve also added public transport recognition which identifies the bus number and destination to get people on the right bus. In the future, we’ll add more computer vision-related features to deliver an even better navigation experience.” Improving Zoom accessibility for people with hearing impairments People with hearing impairments often use lipreading and speechreading to improve speech comprehension. This approach is helpful but only works if the speaker’s face and mouth are clearly visible. For the benefit of people with hearing impairments on Zoom calls, please enable your device’s camera whenever you are speaking on Zoom, and face the camera while you speak. (Feel free to disable your camera when you aren’t speaking.) 

Zoom Brown Bag: Localization for Indoor Navigation using Computer Vision

Zoom Brown Bag: Localization for Indoor Navigation using Computer Vision

Abstract – For blind and low-vision individuals, traveling independently can be a challenging endeavor. Current technology and infrastructure makes this task far more feasible than ever before, especially with tools such as voice-guided GPS-based wayfinding apps on a person’s own smartphone. Still, there are gaps in GPS-deprived environments such as indoor locations. We propose a light-weight computer vision and inertial sensor-based wayfinding system, which requires only a 2D floor plan and a few snapshots of signs or other visual landmarks around the area. I will present a method of indoor localization to determine a person’s location in the environment, to be used as part of a smartphone navigation app that can provide turn-by-turn directions. https://ski.org/directory/ryan-crabb

Zoom Colloquium: On the interaction between body movements and cognition

Zoom Colloquium: On the interaction between body movements and cognition

Abstract: Cognitive processes are almost exclusively investigated in settings for which voluntary body movements are largely suppressed. However, even basic sensory processes can differ drastically between movement states. My special interest therefore lies in the naturally behaving system. We investigate the interaction between cognition, oscillatory brain activity and body movements in freely moving humans through the application of various mobile approaches. Within this scope we ask how walking influences attentional visual processes, auditory perception and creativity. Concerning smaller movements as well as the interaction between different types of movements, we focus on eye related movements, such as spontaneous eyeblinks, saccades and pupil size. Our work shows complementary neurophysiological and behavioral evidence of the importance of movement and movement state when considering simple as well as complex cognitive processes. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Barbara-Haendel Improving Zoom accessibility for people with hearing impairments People with hearing impairments often use lipreading and speechreading to improve speech comprehension. This approach is helpful but only works if the speaker’s face and mouth are clearly visible. For the benefit of people with hearing impairments on Zoom calls, please enable your device’s camera whenever you are speaking on Zoom, and face the camera while you speak. (Feel free to disable your camera when you aren’t speaking.)  

Zoom Brown Bag: A Virtual Environment for Training Blind People to Learn to Use Camera-Based Navigation Systems

Zoom Brown Bag: A Virtual Environment for Training Blind People to Learn to Use Camera-Based Navigation Systems

Abstract: Assistive navigation systems for blind people take images or videos as an input for various tasks such as finding the location of a user, recognizing objects, and detecting obstacles. Though the quality of the images and videos affect the performance of the systems significantly, manipulating a camera to have a clear image with proper framing is a challenging task for blind users. In this research, we explore the interactions between a camera and blind users in assistive navigation systems through interviews with blind participants and researchers in human-computer interaction and computer vision. We further develop a virtual environment where blind users can train themselves on manipulating a camera so that blind users can understand and effectively use gestures in the interactions identified in the interview such as scanning their environments with a camera and maintaining a desired camera position or orientation. This presentation shares the results of the interview, the method to implement the virtual environment, and a plan for evaluating the virtual environment through a user study. https://ski.org/users/jonggi-hong

Tuesday, Zoom Colloquium: Making Calculus Accessible

Postponed: Tuesday, Zoom Colloquium: Making Calculus Accessible

Abstract – When Isaac Newton developed calculus in the 1600s, he was trying to tie together math and physics in an intuitive, geometrical way. But over time math and physics teaching became heavily weighted toward algebra, and less toward geometrical problem solving. However, many practicing mathematicians and physicists will get their intuition geometrically first and do the algebra later. Joan Horvath and Rich Cameron’s upcoming book, Make:Calculus, imagines how Newton might have used 3D printed models, construction toys, programming, craft materials, and a dash of electronics to teach calculus concepts intuitively. The book uses as little reliance on algebra as possible while still retaining enough to allow comparison with a traditional curriculum. The 3D printable models are written in OpenSCAD, the text-based, open-source CAD program. The models will be released in an open source repository when the book is published, and are designed to be edited, explored, and customized by teachers and learners. Joan and Rich will also address how they think about the tactile storytelling of their models. They hope their work will make calculus more accessible, in the broadest sense of the word, to enable more people to start on the road to STEM careers. Joan Horvath and Rich Cameron are the co-founders of Pasadena-based Nonscriptum LLC, 3D printing and maker tech consultants, trainers, and authors. Eight previous books include Make: Geometry, which developed a similar repository of models for middle and high-school math in collaboration with the SKI “3Ps” project. They have also authored popular LinkedIn Learning courses on additive manufacturing, and run several related (currently virtual) Meetup groups. Improving Zoom accessibility for people with hearing impairments People with hearing impairments often use lipreading and speechreading to improve speech comprehension. This approach is helpful but only works if the speaker’s face and mouth are clearly visible. For the benefit of people with hearing impairments on Zoom calls, please enable your device’s camera whenever you are speaking on Zoom, and face the camera while you speak. (Feel free to disable your camera when you aren’t speaking.) Abstract:When Isaac Newton developed calculus in the 1600s, he was trying to tie together math and physics in an intuitive, geometrical way. But over time math and physics teaching became heavily weighted toward algebra, and less toward geometrical problem solving. However, many practicing mathematicians and physicists will get their intuition geometrically first and do the algebra later. Joan Horvath and Rich Cameron’s upcoming book, Make: Calculus, imagines how Newton might have used 3D printed models, construction toys, programming, craft materials, and a dash of electronics to teach calculus concepts intuitively. The book uses as little reliance on algebra as possible while still retaining enough to allow comparison with a traditional curriculum.The 3D printable models are written in OpenSCAD, the text-based, open-source CAD program. The models will be released in an open source repository when the book is published, and are designed to be edited, explored, and customized by teachers and learners. Joan and Rich will also address how they think about the tactile storytelling of their models. They hope their work will make calculus more accessible, in the broadest sense of the word, to enable more people to start on the road to STEM careers.Joan Horvath and Rich Cameron are the co-founders of Pasadena-based Nonscriptum LLC, 3D printing and maker tech consultants, trainers, and authors. Eight previous books include Make: Geometry, which developed a similar repository of models for middle and high-school math in collaboration with the SKI “3Ps” project. They have also authored popular LinkedIn Learning courses on additive manufacturing, and run several related (currently virtual) Meetup groups.Hacker CalculusImproving Zoom accessibility for people with hearing impairments People with hearing impairments often use lipreading and speechreading to improve speech comprehension. This approach is helpful but only works if the speaker’s face and mouth are clearly visible. For the benefit of people with hearing impairments on Zoom calls, please enable your device’s camera whenever you are speaking on Zoom, and face the camera while you speak. (Feel free to disable your camera when you aren’t speaking.)

Zoom Colloquium: Braille Literacy Rates in the U.S.: Knowing What We Don’t Know

Zoom Colloquium: Braille Literacy Rates in the U.S.: Knowing What We Don’t Know

For almost as long as braille has existed, researchers, advocates, educators, and innovators have been influenced by assumptions or beliefs about rates of braille readership. However, despite repeated claims in the media and in advocacy materials, U.S. braille literacy statistics have proven difficult to substantiate and clarify. In this session, authors Rebecca Sheffield, Frances Mary D’Andrea, and Sarah Chatfield will discuss their systematic literature review, which began in 2015 in collaboration with Smith-Kettlewell scientist Valerie Morash. The research findings raise numerous questions, including: In the absence of current, reliable data on braille literacy, what evidence is there about the demand for braille-related innovations and research? What lessons should we take from the proliferation of unsupported claims about braille literacy rates? How has the nature of being a “braille reader” changed with the advent of technology? How might researchers approach agreeing on definitions and gathering useful data on braille readership rates? Sheffield, R. M., D’Andrea, F. M., Morash, V., & Chatfield, S. (2022). How many braille readers? Policy, politics, and perception. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 116(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145482X211071125 Improving Zoom accessibility for people with hearing impairments People with hearing impairments often use lipreading and speechreading to improve speech comprehension. This approach is helpful but only works if the speaker’s face and mouth are clearly visible. For the benefit of people with hearing impairments on Zoom calls, please enable your device’s camera whenever you are speaking on Zoom, and face the camera while you speak. (Feel free to disable your camera when you aren’t speaking.)

Zoom Brown Bag: Studying sensory reweighting via the perception of gravity in aging with central vision loss

Zoom Brown Bag: Studying sensory reweighting via the perception of gravity in aging with central vision loss

Abstract: To interact with the world around us, we must accurately perceive our environment and how we are moving within it. For this, visual, vestibular, and somatosensory (proprioceptive and tactile) inputs must be integrated and appropriately (re)weighted depending on signal reliability and environmental and task demands. This sensory reweighting process is therefore dynamic. Age-related sensory deficits are thought to lead older adults to systematically up-weight visual information, however. This visual dependence in older age is associated with alterations in body coordination, adaptation difficulties, balance, and falls, among others, and such limitations can be debilitating when visual information is reduced and unreliable, as in the case of central visual field loss due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is unclear whether aging allows for sensory adaptations to compensate for vision loss in AMD, and it is possible that visual dependence persists, whereby affected individuals are relying more on the sense that is failing them. We are therefore examining sensory reweighting in AMD with classic measures of subjective visual vertical estimation, an essential aspect of space perception and postural control. Prior to studying the complex case of AMD, where aging, vision loss, and an eccentric oculomotor reference frame may all play a part, we first examine whether the use of eccentric viewing strategies alone may affect verticality judgments. Since individuals with binocular central field loss commonly employ an eccentric preferred retinal locus (PRL) in their better eye, and given that eye position signals also contribute to individuals’ space perception and postural orientation and control, the consequences of AMD may extend beyond visual and oculomotor tasks. Thus, in addition to investigating the potential influence of eye eccentricity on verticality judgments in younger adults with no vision deficits, we look at individuals with monocular AMD who can serve as their own controls. Preliminary results seem to indicate that older adults with AMD rely on visual context in their subjective vertical estimation, despite their vision loss, and that eccentric viewing alters one’s verticality perception. The potential interaction of eye orientation and contextual visual information will be essential to consider further in designing rehabilitation protocols for individuals with AMD. https://ski.org/users/catherine-agathos

Zoom Brown Bag: Modeling the impairment of smooth pursuit eye movements in macular degeneration

Zoom Brown Bag: Modeling the impairment of smooth pursuit eye movements in macular degeneration

Abstract – Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most prevalent cause of central visual field loss. Since the fovea (oculomotor locus) is often impaired, individuals with AMD typically have difficulties with saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements (Verghese, Vullings, & Shanidze, 2021). We propose that smooth pursuit eye movements are impaired in macular degeneration due to two factors: 1) the transient disappearance of the target into the scotoma and 2) noise that depends on the eccentricity of the oculomotor locus from the target. To assess this claim, we measured performance in a perceptual baseball task where observers had to determine whether a target would cross or miss a rectangular region (plate) after being extinguished (Kim, Badler, & Heinen, 2005), when instructed to either fixate a marker or smoothly track the target. We recorded eye movements of 4 AMD eyes and 6 control eyes with simulated scotomata (matching those of individual AMD participants) during the task. We found that controls with simulated scotomata could better discriminate strikes from balls compared to AMD participants, particularly in the smooth pursuit condition. We also developed a model that predicted performance on the task using visible portions of the target trajectory given the scotoma and position uncertainty given the eccentricity of the eye from the target. The model showed a similar trend to participant results, with better discrimination for simulations using control eye position data (foveal oculomotor locus) than for MD data (peripheral oculomotor loci). However, the model’s discrimination performance was largely better than actual participant performance. These findings suggest that while the disappearance of the target due to the scotoma and noise due to the eccentricity of the peripheral oculomotor locus from the target in AMD affect perceptual discrimination, these factors account only partially for the impairments. https://ski.org/users/jason-rubinstein